Distinguish between the nominal exchange rate and the real exchange rate. If you were to decide whether to buy domestic goods or foreign goods, which rate would be more relevant? Explain.
Nominal exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another. It is the amount of domestic currency required to buy one unit of foreign currency. For example a rupee- dollar exchange rate of Rs 45 means that it costs 45 rupees to buy 1 dollar. Real exchange rate is the ratio of foreign prices to domestic prices. In other words, it measures foreign prices relative to domestic prices.
Real exchange rate
Where Pf - price level of foreign currency
P - Price level of domestic currency
e - Nominal exchange rate
For example, if a watch costs $40 in US and the nominal exchange rate is 50 per US dollar, then, with a real exchange rate of 1, it should cost Rs 2,000 (ePf = 50 × 40 = Rs2000) in India.
If, I were to decide whether to buy domestic goods or foreign goods, then real exchange rate will be more relevant, because real exchange rate takes the inflation differential among the countries into account and is also used as an indicator of a country's competitiveness in the foreign trade.
Differentiate between devaluation and depreciation.
What is a barter system? What are its drawbacks?
Write down some of the limitations of using GDP as an index of welfare of a country.
Explain the relation between government deficit and government debt.
From the following data, calculate Personal Income and Personal Disposable Income.
Rs (crore)
(a) Net Domestic Product at factor cost 8,000
(b) Net Factor Income from abroad 200
(c) Undisbursed Profit 1,000
(d) Corporate Tax 500
(e) Interest Received by Households 1,500
(f) Interest Paid by Households 1,200
(g) Transfer Income 300
(h) Personal Tax 500
Why should the aggregate final expenditure of an economy be equal to the aggregate factor payments? Explain.
Give the relationship between the revenue deficit and the fiscal deficit.
Discuss the issue of deficit reduction.
Are fiscal deficits inflationary?
What is the difference between ex ante investment and ex post investment?
What are the instruments of monetary policy of RBI?
The value of the nominal GNP of an economy was Rs 2,500 crores in a particular year. The value of GNP of that country during the same year, evaluated at the prices of same base year, was Rs 3,000 crores. Calculate the value of the GNP deflator of the year in percentage terms. Has the price level risen between the base year and the year under consideration?
Explain the functions of a commercial bank.
Suppose the GDP at market price of a country in a particular year was Rs 1,100 crores. Net Factor Income from Abroad was Rs 100 crores. The value of Indirect taxes – Subsidies was Rs 150 crores and National Income was Rs 850 crores. Calculate the aggregate value of depreciation.
What is a barter system? What are its drawbacks?
Define budget deficit and trade deficit. The excess of private investment over saving of a country in a particular year was Rs 2,000 crores. The amount of budget deficit was ( – ) Rs 1,500 crores. What was the volume of trade deficit of that country?
What are the four factors of production and what are the remunerations to each of these called?
Differentiate between balance of trade and current account balance.
Give the relationship between the revenue deficit and the fiscal deficit.
What is the marginal propensity to import when M = 60 + 0.06Y? What is the relationship between the marginal propensity to import and the aggregate demand function?