Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals

(a) Sanctuary

Sanctuary means safe place where animals are protected.

(b) Endemic

Endemic is called as the species which is found in a particular area.

(c) Climatic

Due to climatic changes, birds migrate from one place to another for the survival.

(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve

(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary

(c) Endangered species and extinct species

(d) Flora and fauna

(a) Wild animals:

Forests are the main natural habitat for the wild animals. Deforestation means cutting of trees from the particular area like forest. Trees are cut down for the various purposes like agricultural, industrial and many other. If trees are removed from their habitat then the number of wild animals automatically decreases.

(b) Effects of deforestation on environment:

Deforestation means the removal of the trees. If trees are removed then the level of the carbon dioxide increase or rise up in the environment. Increase in the level of the CO₂ is the main reason of increasing the temperature on the earth which leads to the global warming. Deforestation disturbs the water cycle. Deforestation also leads to the drastic changes in the environment like floods, droughts.

(c) Effects of deforestation on villages (Rural areas):

By removing trees, the top layer of the soil will be removed easily by high speed winds or by water. Roots of the plants bind to the soil particles together. In the absence of trees soil erosion occurs readily and land becomes infertile. A fertile land is a source of living for the people who lives in villages.

(d) Effects of deforestation on cities (Urban areas):

Due to deforestation, the level of the carbon dioxide increase in the environment which leads to an increment of the earth’s temperature which is the main cause of the global warming. Carbon dioxide is a polluted gas. In cities, pollution from the vehicles, factories, industries occur generally. Increasing temperature of the earth also disturb the water cycle.

(e) Effects of deforestation on earth:

Deforestation leads to the soil erosion, drought. Flood like dangerous conditions. By deforestation an increment in the risk of the natural calamities. Due to deforestation, the air becomes polluted and a number of diseases on earth.

(f) Effects of deforestation on next generation:

Environmental conditions will change slowly if we remove trees from the earth. It may lead to the global warming, soil erosion, drought, flood, green house effect and many more climatic change conditions. Hence, the next generation will have to face the deforestation consequences.

(a) If we go on cutting trees: If we go no cutting trees then the habitat of the wild animals will be destroyed completely. The level of the carbon dioxide increases which may leads to the global warming. So, biodiversity is extremely affected by the deforestation which may lead to the danger of the survival of the many organisms.

(b) If the habitat of an animal is disturbed: A habitat is a place where an organism lives. It provides shelter, food and many other important things which are necessary for the survival. If the habitat of an animal is disturbed then they all have to move from that place to another for food and shelter. During this process, animal may get killed by the others.

(c) If the top layer of the soil is exposed: The upper/ top layer of the soil is fertile and the inner layer of the soil is rocky and hard. If the top layer of the soil is exposed, then the lower layer of the soil is exposed which is infertile.

The upper layer of the soil has humus whereas the lower layer does not have humus. If the continued exposure of the top layer of the soil occurs, it may lead to the soil erosion. It will make the land fertile.

(a) Biodiversity may be defined as the variety of different life forms like plants, animals and microorganisms in an area. Both plants and animals are dependent on each other for the survival. They help each other by the exchange of gases. It means if we remove the one, then it will affect the survival of other organisms or species. To maintain a balance in nature we conserve biodiversity.

(b) Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals because as we know forests are the source of food and shelter. So, the people who live near the forests or who lives in the forests uses resources of forests to fulfil their own requirements. People get food, wood and many other things from the forests. People cut wood and kill animals and sell them for money.

(c) Some tribals depend on the jungle as they get food, shelter, fodder and fallen leaves from the jungle. These are their daily needs. So, the tribals depend on forests for their daily needs and for their survival too.

(d) Deforestation is the removal of trees.

Causes of deforestation are as follows:

• For wood, deforestation occurs.
• For cattle grazing.
• For expanding industrial area.
• For agricultural expansion.

Consequences of deforestation are as follows:

• Flooding
• Fewer crops
• Soil erosion
• Loss of biodiversity
• Increase in pollution
• Global warming
• Drought
• Green house effect
• Disturbance in water cycle                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (e) A book that contains the record of all the endangered species known as Red Data Book. IUCN maintained this Red Data Book. IUCN stands for International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.                                                                                                                (f) The movement of an organism or by a group of organism to other place from their original or natural habitat is known as migration. To avoid the extreme conditions of climate or for breeding migration is done by organism or by a group of organisms.

No, it is not justified to cut the trees to meet the ever increasing demands. Forests are the natural habitat of several organisms. Forests are called as the lungs of the earth. Forests maintains a balance in the nature and prevent the overheating of earth. Forests increase the fertility of soil which prevents the soil erosion. Forests provide pure air to us. Forests conserve biodiversity. Forests prevent the natural calamities like drought, floods, global warming and green house effects etc.

By growing plants and by taking care of them, I can help in maintaining the green wealth of my locality. For planting trees, I can encourage people by giving the, information about the importance of trees, I can aware people by telling them the natural calamities like drought, flood, global warming and many other which are the result of deforestation. I will plant more and more trees.

Deforestation means removal of trees. Deforestation is done for various purposes like for expanding agricultural and industrial area. Plants leaves oxygen gas and absorb carbon dioxide from the environment. If deforestation occurs then the level of the carbon dioxide will increase in the environment which will trap more solar radiations that leads to global warming. It may increase the temperature of the earth that may also lead to the disturbance of water cycle. If the water cycle is disturbed then the rainfall pattern is also disturbed. It may leads to drought. 

In Uttarakhand, Jim Corbett National Park, Nanda Devi National Park, Rajaji National Park, Govind Pashu Vihar etc. is located.  

To make paper, trees are cut down. Trees maintains the balance of the nature of the earth. In order to save trees, we have to save papers.

We can save paper in following ways:

1. By recycling the paper.
2. Aware people about the importance of paper.
3. By writing on both sides of the paper.
4. Reuse the packing material.

Down:

1. Endangered
2. Red Data Book                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Deserts

Across:

1. Extinct

3. Endemic

4. Biodiversity