Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | What is sustainable development?

What are the functions of the environment?

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

Explain the statement that the green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during times of shortage.

What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?

Why, despite the implementation of the green revolution, 65 percent of our population continued to be engaged in the agriculture sector till 1990?

 Indicate the volume and direction of trade at the time of independence.

What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?

Explain the role of micro-credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor.

What factors contribute to human capital formation?

What is organic farming and how does it promote sustainable development?

Why was it necessary for a developing country like India to follow self-reliance as a planning objective?