Calculate the molecular masses of H2, O2, Cl2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, NH3, CH3OH.
Atomic mass includes the masses of three subatomic particles which make up an atom i.e. proton, neutron and electron.
Unit of atomic mass is 'u'
‘u’ = unified atomic mass unit & 1/12 th mass of single carbon-12 atom
‘u’ = 1.66 x 10-24 g
(Just for understanding - Atomic mass approximately equal to twice of atomic no.)
Molecular mass of a substance is the sum of atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of a subitance.
Unit of molecular mass = 'u’
Molecular mass of H2 = 2 x 1 = 2u (Atomic mass of H=1)
Molecular mass of O2 = 16 x 2 = 32 u (Atomic mass of O=16)
Molecular Mass of Cl2 = 35.2 x 2 = 71 u (Atomic mass of Cl = 35.5)
Molecular Mass of CO2 = 12 x 1 + 16 x 2
= 12 + 32 = 44 u ( Atomic Mass of C = 12)
Molecular Mass of CH4 = 12 x 1 + 4 x 1
= 12 + 4 = 16 u
Molecular Mass of C2H6 = 12 x 2 + 6 x 1
= 24 + 6 = 30 u
Molecular Mass of C2H4 = 12 x 2 + 4 x 1
= 24 + 4 = 28 u
Molecular Mass of NH3 = 14 X 1 + 3 x 1
= 14 x 3 = 17 u (Atomic Mass of N = 14)
Molecular Mass of CH3OH = 12 x 1 + 4 x 1 + 16 x 1
= 12 + 4 + 16 = 32 u
Convert into mole.
(a) 12 g of oxygen gas
(b) 20 g of water
(c) 22 g of carbon dioxide.
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
Write down the formulae of
(i) sodium oxide
(ii) aluminium chloride
(iii) sodium suphide
(iv) magnesium hydroxide
Which has more number of atoms, 100 grams of sodium or 100 grams of iron (given, atomic mass of Na = 23 u, Fe = 56 u)?
Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas?
What are polyatomic ions? Give examples.
How many atoms are present in a
(i) H2S molecule and
(ii) PO43- ion?
A 0.24 g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.096 g of boron and 0.144 g of oxygen. Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by weight.
Calculate the number of aluminium ions present in 0.051 g of aluminium oxide.
(Hint: The mass of an ion is the same as that of an atom of the same element. Atomic mass of Al = 27 u)
Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na2O, K2CO3, given atomic masses of Zn=65 u, Na=23 u, K=39 U, C=12 u and O=16 u.
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
What is meant by a pure substance?
How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
Who discovered cells, and how?
Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
Explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound.
When will you say a body is in
(i) uniform acceleration? (ii) non-uniform acceleration?
Look at the activities listed below. Reason out whether or not work is done in the light of your understanding of the term ‘work’.
• Suma is swimming in a pond.
• A donkey is carrying a load on its back.
• A wind-mill is lifting water from a well.
• A green plant is carrying out photosynthesis.
• An engine is pulling a train.
• Food grains are getting dried in the sun.
• A sailboat is moving due to wind energy.
What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
A driver of a car travelling at 52 km h-1 applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km h-1 in another car applies his brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?
How is soil formed?
What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the mammalia group?
The speed-time graph for a car is shown is Fig. 8.12.
Fig. 8.12
(a) Find how far does the car travel in the first 4 seconds. Shade the area on the graph that represents the distance travelled by the car during the period.
(b) Which part of the graph represents uniform motion of the car?
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?