What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Hydrochloric acid is present in the gastric juice secreted by the gastric gland which helps in the breakdown of the food. When the food enters in the stomach, contraction and expansion of muscles of the wall of stomach brings churning movement which leads to the mixing of the food with the help of gastric juice (mixture of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, prorennin, lipase and mucus) secreted by gastric glands.
Hydrochloric acid helps in to disinfect the food by killing of bacteria, stops the action of the salivary amylase. It converts the pepsinogen to pepsin in the active form and convert prorenin with the addition of HCL gives the end product Rennin. It produces appropriate, i.e, low hydrogen ion concentration for about 1- 2 acidic pH for the protein digestion and the food digestion. It moistens the food and helps in the breakdown of the larger food molecules; also denatures the many food proteins which increases the exposure of the peptide bond to the pepsin.
When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the resistor.
Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
Draw the structure for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Bromopentane*
(iii) Butanone (iv) Hexanal.
*Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the currents in the three cases?
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
(a) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?
(b) What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic Table as fluorine have in common?
Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?
A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
What are the environmental consequences of the increasing demand for energy? What steps would you suggest to reduce energy consumption?
Which of the following property of a proton can change while it moves freely in a magnetic field? (There may be more than one correct answer.)
(a) mass (b) speed
(c) velocity (d) momentum
You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
(a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals?
(b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in
(a) amoeba.
(b) yeast.
(c) plasmodium.
(d) leishmania.
Give the names of two energy sources that you would consider to be exhaustible. Give reasons for your choices.
Choose the correct option.
A rectangular coil of copper wires is rotated in a magnetic field. The direction of the induced current changes once in each
(a) two revolutions (b) one revolution
(c) half revolution (d) one-fourth revolution
In Activity 13.7, how do we think the displacement of rod AB will be affected if (i) current in rod AB is increased; (ii) a stronger horse-shoe magnet is used; and (iii) length of the rod AB is increased?
Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?
What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?