Explain the formation of H2 molecule on the basis of valence bond theory.
When hydrogen atoms combine to form molecules of hydrogen, 433 KJ/mol. energy is released.
Whenever atoms combine to form a molecule, there is always decrease in the energy. Actually, when two H atoms are far separated, they do not have any force of interaction (attractive or repulsive). As they tend to come closer, two different forces operates:
(a) The nucleus of one H is attracted towards the electrons of the other H atoms and Vice-versa. The energy is released in attraction.
(b) The nuclei of the atoms as well as their electrons repel each other. Energy is needed to overcome the force of repulsion.
Now in case, if the magnitude of the attractive forces is more than that of the repulsive forces, a stable molecule will be formed.
However, if the repulsive forces are more than the attractive forces, then the atoms will not combine.
If for example HA & HB are two hydrogen atoms & eA & eB are their respective electrons, then attractive & repulsive forces may be shown as follows:
------------ old attractive forces
_________ new attractive forces
The number of new attractive and repulsive forces is same, but the magnitude of attractive forces is more. Thus, when two hydrogen atoms approach each other, the overall potential energy decreases, hence a stable hydrogen molecule is formed.
The mass of an electron is 9.1 × 10–31 kg. If its K.E. is 3.0 × 10–25 J, calculate its wavelength.
Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving with a velocity of 2.05 × 107 ms–1.
Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method :
(a) MnO4 – (aq) + I – (aq) → MnO2 (s) + I2(s) (in basic medium)
(b) MnO4 – (aq) + SO2 (g) → Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4– (aq) (in acidic solution)
(c) H2O2 (aq) + Fe 2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + H2O (l) (in acidic solution)
(d) Cr2O7 2– + SO2(g) → Cr3+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) (in acidic solution)
In a process, 701 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J ofwork is done by the system. What is the change in internal energy for the process?
What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm3 of air at 1 bar to 200 dm3 at 30°C?
In a reaction A + B2 → AB2 Identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following reaction mixtures.
(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B
(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B
(iii) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules of B
(iv) 5 mol A + 2.5 mol B
(v) 2.5 mol A + 5 mol B
At 0°C, the density of a certain oxide of a gas at 2 bar is same as that of dinitrogen at 5 bar. What is the molecular mass of the oxide?
Which one of the following will have largest number of atoms?
(i) 1 g Au (s)
(ii) 1 g Na (s)
(iii) 1 g Li (s)
(iv) 1 g of Cl2(g)
Density of a gas is found to be 5.46 g/dm3 at 27 °C at 2 bar pressure. What will be its density at STP?
Arrange the following type of radiations in increasing order of frequency:
(a) radiation from microwave oven
(b) amber light from traffic signal
(c) radiation from FM radio
(d) cosmic rays from outer space and
(e) X-rays.
What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of an H atom in n = 6 drops to the ground state?
Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles:
(a) CH3COOH + HO- → CH3COO- + H2O
(b) CH3COCH3 + C-N → (CH3)2 C (CN) (OH)
(c) C6H5 + CH3C+O → C6H5COCH3
Explain structures of diborane and boric acid.
Considering x-axis as the internuclear axis which out of the following will not form a sigma bond and why?
(a) 1s and 1s
(b) 1s and 2px
(c) 2py and 2py
(d) 1s and 2s.
Ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction between ethanol and acetic acid and the equilibrium is represented as:
CH3COOH (l) + C2H5OH (l) ↔ CH3COOC2H5 (l) + H2O (l)
(i) Write the concentration ratio (reaction quotient), Qc, for this reaction (note: water is not in excess and is not a solvent in this reaction)
(ii) At 293 K, if one starts with 1.00 mol of acetic acid and 0.18 mol of ethanol, there is 0.171 mol of ethyl acetate in the final equilibrium mixture. Calculate the equilibrium constant.
(iii) Starting with 0.5 mol of ethanol and 1.0 mol of acetic acid and maintaining it at 293 K, 0.214 mol of ethyl acetate is found after sometime. Has equilibrium been reached?
An alkene 'A' on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one. Write structure and IUPAC name of 'A'.
Describe the bulk preparation of dihydrogen by electrolytic method. What is the role of an electrolyte in this process?
What sorts of informations can you draw from the following reaction ?
(CN)2(g) + 2OH-(aq) → CN-(aq) + CNO-(aq) + H2O(l)
The diameter of zinc atom is 2.6 Å .
Calculate
(a) radius of zinc atom in pm and
(b) number of atoms present in a length of 1.6 cm if the zinc atoms are arranged side by side lengthwise.
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