Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).
Substance Dissolved | Tem | per | atu | re | in K |
283 | 293 | 313 | 333 | 353 | |
Potassium nitrate | 21 | 32 | 62 | 106 | 167 |
Sodium chloride | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 |
Potassium chloride | 35 | 35 | 40 | 46 | 54 |
Ammonium chloride | 24 | 37 | 41 | 55 | 66 |
(a) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?
(b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.
(c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature?
(d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?
(a). 62 gm Potassium nitrate dissolved in 100 gm of water
62 / 2 = 31 gm
Potassium nitrate dissolved in 50 gm of water.
(b). In the given table, we see Potassium chloride solubility at different temperature then solubility was increased as the temperature was increased. An temperature decrease the solubility of Potassium chloride was decreased and the remains potassium chloride at higher lower temperature precipitate out.
(c). Ammonium chloride
(d). Solubility was increased as the temperature was increased.
How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?
Name the technique to separate
(i) butter from curd,
(ii) salt from sea-water,
(iii) camphor from salt.
Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.
Identify the solutions among the following mixtures.
(a) Soil
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(d) Coal
(e) Soda water.
Explain the following giving examples.
(a) saturated solution
(b) pure substance
(c) colloid
(d) suspension
List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures.
(a) Sodium
(b) Soil
(c) Sugar solution
(d) Silver
(e) Calcium carbonate
(f) Tin
(g) Silicon
(h) Coal
(i) Air
(j) Soap
(k) Methane
(l) Carbon dioxide
(m) Blood
Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.
Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”?
(a) Salt solution
(b) Milk
(c) Copper sulphate solution
(d) Starch solution.
Which of the following materials fall in the category of a “pure substance”?
(a) Ice
(b) Milk
(c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric acid
(e) Calcium oxide
(f) Mercury
(g) Brick
(h) Wood
(i) Air.
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
Who discovered cells, and how?
A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of 3.0 m s-2 for 8.0 s. How far does the boat travel during this time?
A bus decreases its speed from 80 km h-1 to 60 km h-1 in 5 s. Find the acceleration of the bus.
What are the constituents of phloem?
What are the differences between the mass of an object and its weight?
What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
What is osmosis?
Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?
What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?