You have seen weather reports on television and in newspapers. How do you think we are able to predict the weather?
A daily weather forecast is the work of people working for the weather department to collect data on the elements of weather such as maximum and minimum temperatures, maximum and minimum humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc. Weather satellites are present to take photographs of clouds from space. The maximum and minimum temperature of a day is measured by a thermometer known as the maximum−minimum thermometer. Rainfall is measured by an instrument known as the rain gauge. Wind speed is measured by anemometers. There are various instruments used to measure humidity.
List any three human activities that you think would lead to air pollution.
What causes winds?
Why is the atmosphere essential for life?
Why is water essential for life?
Why do organisms need water?
We know that many human activities lead to increasing levels of pollution of the air, water-bodies and soil. Do you think that isolating these activities to specific and limited areas would help in reducing pollution?
List any three human activities which would lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of air.
How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
What is the greenhouse effect?
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
What is meant by a pure substance?
How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
Who discovered cells, and how?
If the moon attracts the earth, why does the earth not move towards the moon?
What does a neuron look like?
Which characteristic of the sound helps you to identify your friend by his voice while sitting with others in a dark room?
A person has a hearing range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. What are the typical wavelengths of sound waves in air corresponding to these two frequencies? Take the speed of sound in air as 344 m s-1.
How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?
What is loudness of sound? What factors does it depend on?
Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?
(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water.
(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car.
(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
(e) Butter from curd.
(f) Oil from water.
(g) Tea leaves from tea.
(h) Iron pins from sand.
(i) Wheat grains from husk.
(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water.
Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
A motorboat starting from rest on a lake accelerates in a straight line at a constant rate of 3.0 m s-2 for 8.0 s. How far does the boat travel during this time?
An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s?