Define the term solution. How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an example.
A solution is a homogeneous mixtures of two or more than two substances on molecular level.The constitutent of the mixture present in a smaller amount is called the SOLUTE & the one present in larger amount is called the SOLVENT.For eg. Small amount of sugar(solute) dissolved in water(solvent).
SOLUTE + SOLVENT = SOLUTION
There are nine types of solutions formed.They are:
|
Sno |
State of solute |
State of solvent |
Examples |
|
1 |
GAS |
GAS |
Air |
|
2 |
GAS |
LIQUID |
Oxygen in water |
|
3 |
GAS |
SOLID |
Smole particles in air |
|
4 |
LIQUID |
GAS |
Carbon dioxide dissolved in water |
|
5 |
LIQUID |
LIQUID |
Alcohol in water |
|
6 |
LIQUID |
SOLID |
Mercury in silver |
|
7 |
SOLID |
GAS |
Adsorption of hydrogen over palladium |
|
8 |
SOLID |
LIQUID |
Sugar in water |
|
9 |
SOLID |
SOLID |
Carbon in Iron(steel) |
Out of these nine types of solution , solid in liquid, liquid in liquid & gas in liquid are very common.When the components of the solution are mixed,the resulting solution may be in the solid, liquid or gaseous state.They are
(i) Gaseous solution:The solution in which the solvent is a gas is called a gaseous solution. In these solutions, the solute may be liquid, solid, or gas. For example, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gas is a gaseous solution.
(ii) Liquid solution:The solution in which the solvent is a liquid is known as a liquid solution. The solute in these solutions may be gas, liquid, or solid.
(iii) Solid solutions: The solution in which the solvent is a solid is known as a solid solution.The solute in these solutions may be a gas, liquid or solid. For example, a solution of copper in gold is a solid solution.
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(v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
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(viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene
(ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
(x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
(xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
(xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
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(xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
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(xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
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Solution and liquid defined
solutions r very liquid in color
Solution may be diluted and concentrated
Solutions terms may be ideal or non-ideal solutions
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