In what ways would the daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court have conveyed a sense of the power of the emperor?
The daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court observed the following:
(i)By representing the status of the court.
(ii)In form of salutation of emperor.
(iii)Jharokha Darshan.
(iv)Meeting held by sultan in Diwan-i-Am and Diwan-i-Khas.
(v)By honouring the mansabdar on special occasion with special gifts and jagir.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
What were the distinctive features of the Mughal nobility? How was their relationship with the emperor shaped?
Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta.
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?
Discuss the major features of Mughal provincial administration. How did the centre control the provinces?
Assess the role played by women of the imperial household in the Mughal Empire.
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
What were the similarities and differences between the be-shari‘a and ba-shari‘a sufi traditions?
On an outline map of the world, mark approximately Italy, Portugal, Iran and Russia. Trace the routes the travellers mentioned on p.176 would have taken to reach Vijayanagara.
Discuss the picture of urban centres that emerges from Bernier’s account.
What were the concerns that shaped Mughal policies and attitudes towards regions outside the subcontinent?
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
Compare and contrast the perspectives from which Ibn Battuta and Bernier wrote their accounts of their travels in India.