What were the elements of the practice of sati that drew the attention of Bernier?
The practice of sati according to Bernier showed the difference in the treatment of women in western and eastern society. He noticed how a child widow were forcefully burnt screaming on the funeral pyre while many of the older women were resigned their fate.
The following elements drew his attention.
(i) Under this cruel practices an alive widow was forcibly made to sit on the pyre of her husband.
(ii)People had no sympathy for her.
(iii)The widow was an unwilling victim of the sati practice. She was forced to be a Sati.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
What were the distinctive features of the Mughal nobility? How was their relationship with the emperor shaped?
Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta.
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?
Identify the elements that went into the making of the Mughal ideal of kingship.
Describe the major teachings of either Kabir or Baba Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
What were the similarities and differences between the be-shari‘a and ba-shari‘a sufi traditions?
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
On an outline map of the world, mark approximately Italy, Portugal, Iran and Russia. Trace the routes the travellers mentioned on p.176 would have taken to reach Vijayanagara.
Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the sufis.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
What impression of the lives of the ordinary people of Vijayanagara can you cull from the various descriptions in the chapter?
Discuss whether the term “royal centre” is an appropriate description for the part of the city for which it is used.
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?