To what extent do you think the visual material presented in this chapter corresponds with Abu’l Fazl’s description of the taswir (Source 1)?
(i)Drawing the likeness of anything is called taswir. His Majesty from his earliest youth, has shown a great predilection for this art, and gives it every encouragement, as he looks upon it as a means both of study and amusement.
(ii)A very large number of painters set to work.
(iii)Each week, several supervisors and clerks of the imperial workshop submit before the emperor the work done by each artist, and his Majesty gives a reward.
(iv)Paintings served not only to enhance the beauty of a book, but were believed to possess special powers of communicating ideas about the kingdom and the power of kings in ways that the written medium could not.
(v)The historian Abu’l Fazl described painting as a ‘magical art’ in his view it had the power to make inanimate objects look as if they possessed life.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
What were the distinctive features of the Mughal nobility? How was their relationship with the emperor shaped?
Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta.
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?
Describe the process of manuscript production in the Mughal court.
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Identify the elements that went into the making of the Mughal ideal of kingship.
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Discuss whether the term “royal centre” is an appropriate description for the part of the city for which it is used.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
In what ways would the daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court have conveyed a sense of the power of the emperor?
Discuss the major features of Mughal provincial administration. How did the centre control the provinces?
Assess the role played by women of the imperial household in the Mughal Empire.