Question 1

Fill in the blanks:

(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_______.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called_.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _, _ and _______.

Answer

(a) Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation is an asexual method of reproduction in plants in which lower plants reproduce vegetatively through various methods like budding, fission, fragmentation, spores, buds etc. With the flowering parts roots, stems, leaves and buds helps in the vegetative propagation. For example: tuberous roots of modified plants can be vegetatively propagated when planted in soil.

(b) Unisexual
A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual flower whereas bisexual flower possess both stamen (male reproductive organ) and pistil.

(c) Pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as pollination. This is of two types: self- pollination (it involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower) and cross- pollination (it involves the transfer of pollen grains from the plant of one flower to the stigma of another plant).

(d) Fertilization
The process in which the male gamete fuses with the female gamete that is present in ovule to form a new cell called diploid zygote is called fertilization that occurs within the embryo sac or female gametophyte.

(e) Air, water and insects
Seed dispersal takes place by various agent that is responsible for cross pollination. Anemophily (wind pollination) is the mode of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma through the agency of wind. Hydrophily is the water pollination in which the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma occurs through the agency of water. Wind and water pollination both are the abiotic factors of the pollination. Entomophily is the animal pollinator or biotic category in which the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma occurs through the agency of insects like moths, flies etc.

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