Fill in the blanks.
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of .
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called.
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is.
(vi) Sweat contains water and.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called.
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by .
(i) Arteries Arteries have a thick, elastic layer to allow stretching and absorb pressure; it maintains the pressure in the circulatory system. The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries and the arterioles. The arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body through the capillaries.
(ii) Red blood Red blood cells are red in colour due to the presence of red pigment which is known as haemoglobin. Red blood cells carries oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
(iii) Capillaries Capillaries are the extremely narrow blood vessels (less than 1mm long) which connect arteries to veins and are present in all regions of the body. Capillaries are also known as ‘blood capillaries. Usually blood passes from the heart in the sequence through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins and then get back to the heart.
(iv) Heartbeat The spontaneous rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart to pump out and receive the blood to and from the body and completes one cycle of it, is called a heartbeat. The heart beats about 72 times in a minute that can be counted easily by counting the pulses.
(v) Urea Urea is a major waste product that is produced in our body. It is excreted through the urine is the major function of the kidney.
(vi) Salts Sweat contains water and salts, and a little of urea and which is removed from the body by sweat glands through the skin.
(vii) Urine The urea and other unwanted salts dissolve in water in the body to form a yellowish liquid waste of which excretion is important; called urine. For the production of urine, nephrons and collecting ducts performs three processes: glomerular filteration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.
(viii) Transpiration Transpiration is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the plants like leaves in the water vapours form; and this occurs through the stomata, cuticle or lenticels of the plants which is known as stomatal, cuticle and lenticels transpiration respectively.
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Dissolving sugar in water
(c) Burning of coal
(d) Melting of wax
(e) Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
(f ) Digestion of food
Given below is a crossword puzzle based on this lesson. Use hints to fill in the blank spaces with letters that complete the words.
Down Across
(D) 1 : Thorough washing (A) 1 : Keeps warm
2 : Animal fibre 2 : Its leaves are eaten by silkworms
3 : Long thread like structure 3 : Hatches from egg of moth
Sketch the cross section of soil and label the various layers.
Here is a crossword puzzle: Good luck!
Across
3. Liquid waste products
4. Solid waste extracted in sewage treatment
6. A word related to hygiene
8. Waste matter discharged from human body
Down
1. Used water
2. A pipe carrying sewage
5. Micro-organisms which causes cholera
7. A chemical to disinfect water
Take three test-tubes. Fill æth of each with water. Label them A, B and C. Keep a snail in test-tube A, a water plant in test-tube B and in C, keep snail and plant both. Which test-tube would have the highest concentration of CO2?
Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues given:
Across
2. Plantation prevents it.
5. Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.
6. Type of soil used for making pottery.
7. Living organism in the soil.
Down
1. In desert soil erosion occurs through.
3. Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.
4. This type of soil can hold very little water.
5. Collective name for layers of soil.
Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared.
Match the items in Column I with those in Column II:
Column I Column II
(i) A home for living organisms (a) Large particles
(ii) Upper layer of the soil (b) All kinds of soil
(iii) Sandy soil (c) Dark in colour
(iv) Middle layer of the soil (d) Small particles and packed tight (v) Clayey soil (e) Lesser amount of humus
When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is it? Explain.
Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain.
Which one of the following is not responsbile for water shortage?
(i) Rapid growth of industries
(ii) Increasing population
(iii) Heavy rainfall
(iv) Mismanagement of water resources
Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues given:
Across
2. Plantation prevents it.
5. Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.
6. Type of soil used for making pottery.
7. Living organism in the soil.
Down
1. In desert soil erosion occurs through.
3. Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.
4. This type of soil can hold very little water.
5. Collective name for layers of soil.
Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example.
What is sewage? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain.
In the circuit shown in Fig. 14.25
(i) Would any of the bulb glow when the switch is in the ‘OFF’ position?
(ii) What will be the order in which the bulbs A, B and C will glow when the switch is moved to the ‘ON’ position?
Look at Fig. 4.13. Mark where the heat is being transferred by conduction, by convection and by radiation.
An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a fuse by a piece of wire. Would you agree? Give reasons for your response.
Outline your role as an active citizen in relation to sanitation.