Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta.
Battuta has given a detailed description on the practice of slavery prevalent in India. Delhi Sultan-Muhammad bin Tughlaq had a large number of slaves. Most of these slaves were forcibly captured during the aggressions. Many people sold their children as a slave, because of acute poverty. Slaves were also offered as a gift during this time. Battuta when visited him, also brought many horses, camels and slaves for the Sultan to present him. Sultan Muhammad bin Tuglaq, himself had presented two hundred slaves to Nasiruddin a religious preacher. Nobels are used to keep slave those days. Through these slaves, the Sultan used to get information about the activities of the noble and all other important events of the empire. The woman slaves served as servants in the house of the rich (nobles). These women informed the Sultan about the activities of their masters (i.e., nobles). Most of the slaves used to do domestic works and there was a lot of difference between the status of these slaves and the court slaves.
Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?
Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
What were the distinctive features of the Mughal nobility? How was their relationship with the emperor shaped?
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?
On an outline map of the world, mark the areas which had economic links with the Mughal Empire, and trace out possible routes of communication.
Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
What are the architectural traditions that inspired the architects of Vijayanagara? How did they transform these traditions?
What were the concerns that shaped Mughal policies and attitudes towards regions outside the subcontinent?
Fig. 7.33 is an illustration of another pillar from the Virupaksha temple. Do you notice any floral motifs? What are the animals shown? Why do you think they are depicted? Describe the human figures shown.
What do you think were the advantages and disadvantages of enclosing agricultural land within the fortified area of the city?
Discuss, with examples, the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles.
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the mahanavami dibba?
Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
What were the elements of the practice of sati that drew the attention of Bernier?