Show that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a, b): a ≤ b²} is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.

Check the injectivity and surjectivity of the following functions:

(i) f : N → N given by f(x) = x²

(ii) f : Z → Z given by f(x) = x²

(iii) f : R → R given by f(x) = x²

(iv) f : N → N given by f(x) = x³

(v) f : Z → Z given by f(x) = x³ 

 Prove that the Greatest Integer Function f : R → R, given by f(x) = [x], is neither one-one nor onto, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.

 Show that the Modulus Function f : R → R, given by f(x) = |x|, is neither oneone nor onto, where | x | is x, if x is positive or 0 and |x| is – x, if x is negative.

Find the direction cosines of a line which makes equal angles with the coordinate axes.

Show that the function f : R_* → R_* defined by f(x) = 1/x is one-one and onto,where R_* is the set of all non-zero real numbers. Is the result true, if the domain R_* is replaced by N with co-domain being same as R_* ? 

Answer the following as true or false.

 \begin{align}(i) \overrightarrow{a}\;  and\; \overrightarrow{-a}\; are\; collinear.\end{align}

(ii) Two collinear vectors are always equal in magnitude.

(iii) Two vectors having same magnitude are collinear.

(iv) Two collinear vectors having the same magnitude are equal.

Classify the following as scalar and vector quantities.

(i) time period (ii) distance (iii) force

(iv) velocity (v) work done

Consider f : R₊ → [– 5, ∞) given by f(x) = 9x² + 6x – 5. Show that f is invertible
with .