Check the injectivity and surjectivity of the following functions:
(i) f : N → N given by f(x) = x2
(ii) f : Z → Z given by f(x) = x2
(iii) f : R → R given by f(x) = x2
(iv) f : N → N given by f(x) = x3
(v) f : Z → Z given by f(x) = x3
(i) f: N → N is given by,
f(x) = x2
It is seen that for x, y ∈N, f(x) = f(y) ⇒ x2 = y2 ⇒ x = y.
∴f is injective.
Now, 2 ∈ N. But, there does not exist any x in N such that f(x) = x2 = 2.
∴ f is not surjective.
Hence, function f is injective but not surjective.
(ii) f: Z → Z is given by,
f(x) = x2
It is seen that f(-1) = f(1) = 1, but -1 ≠ 1.
∴ f is not injective.
Now,-2 ∈ Z. But, there does not exist any element x ∈Z such that f(x) = x2 = -2.
∴ f is not surjective.
Hence, function f is neither injective nor surjective.
(iii) f: R → R is given by,
f(x) = x2
It is seen that f(-1) = f(1) = 1, but -1 ≠ 1.
∴ f is not injective.
Now,-2 ∈ R. But, there does not exist any element x ∈ R such that f(x) = x2 = -2.
∴ f is not surjective.
Hence, function f is neither injective nor surjective.
(iv) f: N → N given by,
f(x) = x3
It is seen that for x, y ∈N, f(x) = f(y) ⇒ x3 = y3 ⇒ x = y.
∴f is injective.
Now, 2 ∈ N. But, there does not exist any element x in domain N such that f(x) = x3 = 2.
∴ f is not surjective
Hence, function f is injective but not surjective.
(v) f: Z → Z is given by,
f(x) = x3
It is seen that for x, y ∈ Z, f(x) = f(y) ⇒ x3 = y3 ⇒ x = y.
∴ f is injective.
Now, 2 ∈ Z. But, there does not exist any element x in domain Z such that f(x) = x3 = 2.
∴ f is not surjective.
Hence, function f is injective but not surjective.
Popular Questions of Class 12th mathematics
- Q:- Determine whether each of the following relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive:
(i) Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3,13, 14} defined as
R = {(x, y): 3x − y = 0}
(ii) Relation R in the set N of natural numbers defined as
R = {(x, y): y = x + 5 and x < 4}
(iii) Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as
R = {(x, y): y is divisible by x}
(iv) Relation R in the set Z of all integers defined as
R = {(x, y): x − y is as integer}
(v) Relation R in the set A of human beings in a town at a particular time given by
(a) R = {(x, y): x and y work at the same place}
(b) R = {(x, y): x and y live in the same locality}
(c) R = {(x, y): x is exactly 7 cm taller than y}
(d) R = {(x, y): x is wife of y}
(e) R = {(x, y): x is father of y} - Q:- Given an example of a relation. Which is
(i) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
(ii) Transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
(iii) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
(iv) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
(v) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive. - Q:- Show that each of the relation R in the set A = { x ∈Z: 0≤x≤12}, A={x} given by
(i) R = { (a,b) : |a - b| is a multiple of 4}
(ii) R = {(a,b):a = b} is an equivalence relation.
Find the set of all elements related to 1 in each case. - Q:- Show that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a, b): a ≤ b2} is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
- Q:- Let L be the set of all lines in XY plane and R be the relation in L defined as R = {(L1, L2): L1 is parallel to L2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all lines related to the line y = 2x + 4.
- Q:- If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible order it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?
- Q:-
Prove that the Greatest Integer Function f : R → R, given by f(x) = [x], is neither one-one nor onto, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
- Q:- Show that the relation R in R defined as R = {(a, b): a ≤ b}, is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
- Q:- If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?
- Q:-
Show that the Modulus Function f : R → R, given by f(x) = |x|, is neither oneone nor onto, where | x | is x, if x is positive or 0 and |x| is – x, if x is negative.
Recently Viewed Questions of Class 12th mathematics
- Q:-
A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at the speed of 5 cm/s. At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 8 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
- Q:- Show that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a, b): a ≤ b2} is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
- Q:- If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible order it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?
- Q:- Given an example of a relation. Which is
(i) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
(ii) Transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
(iii) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
(iv) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
(v) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive. - Q:- If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?
- Q:-
Find the direction cosines of a line which makes equal angles with the coordinate axes.
- Q:-
Show that the function f : R* → R* defined by f(x) = 1/x is one-one and onto,where R* is the set of all non-zero real numbers. Is the result true, if the domain R* is replaced by N with co-domain being same as R* ?
- Q:-
Answer the following as true or false.
\begin{align}(i) \overrightarrow{a}\; and\; \overrightarrow{-a}\; are\; collinear.\end{align}
(ii) Two collinear vectors are always equal in magnitude.
(iii) Two vectors having same magnitude are collinear.
(iv) Two collinear vectors having the same magnitude are equal.
- Q:-
Classify the following as scalar and vector quantities.
(i) time period (ii) distance (iii) force
(iv) velocity (v) work done
- Q:- .">
Consider f : R+ → [– 5, ∞) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5. Show that f is invertible
with
.
- NCERT Chapter